Of Mice and Men †Discuss the theme’s in the play Essay

By themes, I mean the ideas, which the author is trying to give us. Most authors do not write just for fun, but to show us that there is a message that they would like us to learn behind the plot. Usually the ideas are ones that the author believes in deeply. The themes are under the following headings: * Loneliness Loneliness affects many of the characters, and Steinbeck seems to show that it is a natural result of the kind of life they are forced to lead. The workers are caught in a trap of loneliness – they never stay in one place long enough to form long lasting relationships. Even if the relationships existed, they would probably be destroyed by the demands of their life. Candy is lonely because he is old, and is different from the other hands. His only comfort is his old dog, which keeps him company and reminds him of days when he was young and whole. He has no relatives, and once his dog is killed he is totally alone. He eagerly grasps at the idea of buying a farm with George and Lennie, but of course this all comes to nothing. Candy’s disappointment is shown in the bitter words he utters to the body of Curley’s wife, who he blames for spoiling his dream. George is also caught in the trap of loneliness. Just as Candy has his dog for company, George has Lennie (who is often described in animal-like terms). George too is left completely alone when Lennie is killed. The dream farm is his idea, and he says ‘We’d belong there †¦ no more runnin’ around the country†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Another lonely character is Curley’s wife. Newly married and in a strange place, she is forbidden by Curley to talk to anyone but him. She constantly approaches the ranch hands on the excuse of looking for Curley. The only result is that the men regard her as a slut, and Curley becomes even more intensely jealous. Finally, her loneliness leads to her death as she makes the mistake of trying to defeat it by playing with Lennie. Curley himself is lonely. His new wife hates him, as do all the ranch hands who dislike him for his cowardice. He has married, to try and escape his loneliness, but has chosen a wife totally inappropriate for the kind of life he desires. His feelings are all of aggressive behaviour, which places his wife further away from him and leads to the incident with Lennie where his hand is crushed. Crooks is another who is isolated because he is different. He copes with it by keeping a distance between himself and the other hands. When he does allow himself to be drawn into the dream of working on George and Lennie’s dream farm, he is immediately shut out by George’s anger. * Violence The story has many examples of a kind of needless violence. For example, Candy relates how the boss gave them whisky and allowed a fight to take place in the bunkhouse. Curley is the most obvious violent character, and whenever he appears there is a feeling of tension. He causes George to remark’†¦what the hell’s he got on his shoulder. Candy explains that Curley often picks on big guys (a sure sign of trouble for Lennie). We are prepared for Curley’s later anger, which adds up at the end in his wish to’†¦ shoot him in the guts.’ Carlson is another character associated with violence. He is unconcerned about killing Candy’s dog (and in fact cleans the gun in Candy’s presence). He goes to watch the fun when Curley thinks Slim may be with his wife, and later threatens Curley more, saying ‘†¦ kick your head off. Later he is very keen to get his gun to join in the hunt for Lennie. The last words in the book belong to Carlson, and it is little surprise that they reveal his complete inability to understand George’s feelings about the death of Lennie. Compared to the other characters, Lennie reveals an unintentional violence. He does not even think to fight back when Curley attacks him, but when he does, it is with immense and uncontrollable power. He has so little control over his own strength that he accidentally kills his puppy, and then minutes later snuffs out the life of Curley’s wife. His actions on these occasions are compared to those of an animal, powerful but thoughtless. Curley’s wife is attracted to him because of the violence he had shown in crushing her husband’s hand. It is the threat of violence to be used against Lennie that causes George to take the final step of killing his friend. * Dreams Dreams are one of the ways in which the characters fight the loneliness and hopelessness of their day to day lives. The most obvious example is the dream farm, a dream shared at first only by George and Lennie, but which later spreads to include Candy and Crooks. Crooks reveals that it is the favourite dream of the ranchers: ‘Seems like ever’ guy got land in his head. ‘It is a powerful dream, and even Crook’s falls under its spell for a short time. To Lennie, the dream is a cure to disappointment and loneliness, and he often asks George to say the description of the farm to him again. Curley’s wife is another who has dreams, her fantasies of a part in the movies and a life of luxury. Part of her sadness with her life is that it can never measure up to her dreams. But, none of the characters ever achieve their dreams. * Nature Steinbeck shows that nature is a beautiful and peaceful place, but threatened by the actions of men. The beginning of the story sets this pattern, as the creatures at the pool are disturbed by George and Lennie’s approach. The ranch and its buildings, being created by men, are in contrast with the natural world. For example the bunkhouse is quite bare and stark. Even more unnatural is that Candy and Crooks are either deformed in appearance. Contrasted to these two characters is Lennie, who almost seems a part of the natural world as he is described in animal terms. In fact, one of Lennie’s dreams is to go and live by himself in a cave. Maybe this would be the only way in which the natural world of Lennie would not come into conflict with the world of men.. Steinbeck referred to this story as a play/novel, and we are shown how closely it does resemble a play. Each section or chapter is set in a clearly defined place like a scene in a play. The beginning of each section contains detailed description, like stage directions in a play, while the rest of each section is mostly dialogue. This may seem like a rather unreal way to write a novel, but Steinbeck does it so well that we do not notice. A noticeable feature of the language of the novel is what a critic might call ‘economy’. One result of this is that almost every sentence is important in one way or another, either in developing a character, moving the plot forward or hinting at action still to come. Steinbeck has skilfully created a number of parallel events into the story. Candy and his dog provide a parallel to George and Lennie. And also, when Lennie kills Curley’s wife, it echoes his earlier killing of the puppy. There are many such echoes and parallels in the book. Steinbeck has also shown us the way in which capturing the spoken language of the characters gives a better feel to the story. Most of them are uneducated, and this shows through in their use of broken and slang language. Even their uneducated pronunciation has been shown Steinbeck also uses colours and sounds to great effect. For example, Curley’s wife is associated with red, symbolic of danger or passion perhaps. A further strong association is that of Lennie with animals. At various times he is described as a bull, a bear and a dog. Even when not directly compared with an animal, he is described in animal terms. For example, his hand is a paw. This is particularly appropriate for Lennie, as he usually acts in the simple, natural way of an animal. Soledad is a real place in California and its name can mean loneliness or a lonely place. A cue to one of the major themes of the novel right at the beginning.

Presenting, Assessing and Reviewing Essay

As a teacher my roles responsibilities and boundaries, would be spread over a broad spectrum of areas and tasks and in preparing for, delivering, assessing and reviewing the courses I would deliver, applying the P. A. R. (Present, Apply, Review) principles not only in the direct delivery of my subject but as a broader ethos surrounding my whole teaching cycle. On employment with a provider my initial responsibilities would be to review the Protocols, rules and regulations of the establishment which are the most fundamental boundaries, to review the contents of existing courses (or units for art and design courses) that were already being provided in my subject area of photography , examining the associated schemes of work and lesson plans to ensure that I had a good grasp of what I was expected to teach, ( it may be impossible to assimilate all of this information in one go , but I would go into each session having researched what I am expected to know and impart to the students). Drawing from my own experience I would offer to open a dialogue (using course data) with my colleagues and peers, be they fellow tutors or superiors, to see where the delivery could be strengthened, via its content (syllabus non-withstanding) timing structure , scale, location and facilities on offer. This would be with a view to improving course numbers and positive learning outcomes which is a core responsibility. A boundary here would be if I were employed in a role which did not allow this kind of input, a barrier would be the annoyance of staff who have already delivered photography courses or units (as I have little teaching experience) so consideration and good interpersonal skills would need to come to the fore. This information would feed into my role of preparing my own subject ‘schemes of work’, it would be my responsibility to analyse the requirements of the syllabus, making sure that I understood it myself by carrying out research to bring myself up to date I would then work out how to break it down into its constituent parts and how relate it to my learners in enjoyable and manageable chunks over the duration of the course. Boundaries here are set out by awarding bodies for the qualifications I would teach, such as the amount of contact time, the length of time allowed for a learner to complete the course, what written work is required i. . assignments, essays or dissertations as well as how it is assessed. The amount of practical work and how it is assessed may also be set externally. When setting out schemes of work I would also need to consider as boundaries:- †¢ What kind of learners will be attending, what will be their motivations, what will their baseline achievement levels be, how broad will the spectrum of attainment be? †¢ What equipment will be required and how will I make it available to everyone? †¢ Where each session is to be delivered, its impact on what can be taught and how it can be taught? †¢ When each session is delivered, what condition the learners will be in, how will it impact on their concentration and what kind of practical work will be viable? †¢ How long is the term and are there any holidays, placements, visits and other trips? Having set out my schemes of work, I would then review them with my colleagues if the setting out had not already been a collaborative effort. Depending on the circumstances there also might be the opportunity to feedback to whichever body (or senior member of staff) sets the syllabus, with new ideas or fresh perspectives on the course contents. At this point I could give a clear insight into the courses I would be delivering and how it would fit into the broader theme of being a learner, I would be able to use this in my role as a spokesman for my subject area or faculty during marketing events such as open evenings and school visits, again feeding back information about new areas of interest, ways of getting better uptake of courses by analysing dialogue or questionnaires filled out. In my role as a Tutor I will conduct interviews with prospective students myself, (or they may be conducted by someone else) where I will be responsible for assessing whether they which of my courses would be most suited to them, if they may need to carry out further learning, either alongside doing the course or in preparation for it and if they require support in regard to disability, inance, childcare or any other barrier that would prevent them from fair access to the course. From this meeting and after enrolment an initial Individual Learning Plan is agreed. Using the framework of my ‘Schemes of Work’ I will then use the information from the Individual Learning Plans to tailor my lesson planning to the students needs and strengths and encouraging improvement in their weaker areas, using Visual, Aural and Kinaesthetic (V.  A. K. ) means, Making best use of their prior learning, promoting equality and celebrating diversity. Once students have started a course with me I would be responsible for their health and safety, I would make them familiar with all aspects of health and safety relevant to Photography Practice, and the policy of the college or institution, these are boundaries put in place to protect all, providing a safe and supportive place to study and work. These would also form part of the ground rules in my sessions, It would be my role to enforce them as it would be to abide by them, examples would be to establish what is suitable subject material, what constitutes correct handling of equipment , respect for others, no shouting, swearing, no sexism or racism either in images or verbally. I would present this information as I would with the rest of my course content using V. A. K. modes of teaching in as enjoyable a format as possible, clearly setting out the aims and objectives. Personal boundaries would need to be set out as I could well be teaching people of the same age as me, or anyone of 16 years or older, fraternisation outside of contact time could be seen as favouritism or abusing my position. Another important boundary would be to recognise the appropriate amount of help I should give to an individual learner, assisting students to access relevant services in college but avoiding inappropriate contact and making sure that my actions are not to the detriment of my students. I would strive to create a supportive learning environment for my learners while teaching theoretical and practical aspects of photography, I would introduce each session with a clear aims and objectives, assess what knowledge the group has of the topic, Sharing my Knowledge via demonstrations, videos or lectures, giving opportunities to discuss and explore the topic via V. A. K. learning modes, allowing them to apply their learning with hands on work, demonstrating their learning to each other, myself and themselves making sure that hands on time extends their knowledge and maximises learning potential. I would use informal testing methods such as questions and answers or a quiz to assess retention before finally reviewing the learning. Written and practical assignments , formal testing either set by the awarding body or myself would be used in part to assess the learning, It would be my role to use this data in tandem with informal testing (Q&A, Quizzes, etc), observation, peer review and self assessment and progress meetings with individual students. It would be my responsibility to see that these assessments are carried out properly, and without bias, making sure that handed in work was assessed with the same care that I would like my own work to be assessed and kept safe, free from damage and in accordance with the institutions’ data protection policy. On a session to session basis it would be my responsibility to ensure all of the administration relating to the students was up to date, in good order and reached the correct departments in the learning institute (or external body). Records such as the attendance register are not only kept for safety reasons (to establish the whereabouts of an individual, during a fire or other emergency and as part of a broader duty of care to students) but to monitor learners attendance so it meets the minimum requirements for the course. If not, correct assessment would not possible and the student’s opportunity to learn would also be compromised, falling below the minimum accepted attendance would be a boundary to the student’s success. I would also keep records on student progress, behaviour and performance (including which learning methods stimulate them the most. ) and use them with the results from both formal and informal assessments to adjust my lesson planning not only during the session as it happens, but fine tuning future lesson plans to match the rise and falls of student insight into, retention and application of the subject. During this fine tuning process I would also take account of my own reflections on the session, (Review) has my communication (spoken, written or by demonstration) triggered the correct response in the learner? Have I listened correctly and understood the students? (Feedback is only useful if it is understood,) In addition I would consider input from my peers (assessment) as to whether my delivery and the structure of the course needs to be amended during the period of its current delivery (Present). At the end of the course I would use this information and the students’ completed portfolios to assess and review what improvements can be made in the presentation of the next teaching year cycle. The principle of P. A. R. (Presenting, Assessing and Reviewing) is used on several different forms, In my preparation to become a trainer, In my extended role as a spokesperson for my subject or college and as a tutor within individual sessions, dealing with students and their immediate interaction with the subject and my delivery of it, then again in preparation and evaluation of courses I would run in the session to session cycle and during the yearly teaching cycle.

English - Hazard Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English - Hazard Communication - Essay Example The general public is relatively ignorant when it comes to information on hazardous chemicals. II. Description of the problem Manufacturers Chemical manufacturers and suppliers are at fault for failing to give adequate information to the public concerning the hazardous character of chemicals. This is despite the fact that, each and every chemical manufacturer is required by law to give sufficient information on the hazardous nature of chemicals. As a result, many people have suffered chemical accidents that have scarred their lives. The standard for hazard communication requires that information be made available, through material safety data sheets, training of employees and labeling of chemicals. Therefore, chemical manufacturers are required to document comprehensive literature on the hazardous nature of the chemicals they produce. Each chemical should have its name, synonyms, acronyms, Chemical Abstracts Services, as well as its chemical designation and substance composition. Inf ormation on substance composition should include active ingredients, inactive components, and impurities. In order to ensure that information on the hazardous nature of chemicals is easily comprehensible, manufacturers and exporters should also use texts and symbols. Employers and employees Most affected are employees working in chemical producing companies, who are oblivious of the hazards they are subjected to at the work place. This is the primary group that needs to have access to hazardous communication. This is because they come into contact with these chemicals on a daily basis, thus rendering them vulnerable to danger. Employers need to protect their employees from danger by conducting training programs on how to handle, transport, store, and dispose of hazardous substances. Once employees have access to such kind of information, they become increasingly aware of their rights, as well as how to best protect themselves. General public However, the general public should not be isolated, as they often come into contact with chemicals, and they deserve to know how to handle such chemicals. There have been numerous reports of people going health facilities to seek medical help after mishandling chemicals. Some chemicals have permanent effects on victims, for example carcinogenic chemicals. Public awareness needs to be conducted to prevent people from being harmed by these chemicals. III. Significance of inquiry It is the prerogative of manufacturers and suppliers to give adequate information concerning the hazardous nature of chemicals to target audiences. It is not humanly possible for employers to evaluate and document all the safety hazards a chemical can cause to its employees. Nevertheless, employees have the right to be informed of the dangers they are most likely to face, when they come into contact with these chemicals, as well as how they can protect themselves. However, this information is not always readily available, thus the essence of this pro posal, to champion for the rights of the public to be well-versed of the threats and risks of dealing with these chemicals. More needs to be done to ensure safety management is upheld in all areas concerning chemical handling. This will in turn, lead to a significant reduction in the number of people suffering from chemical related problems. IV. Relevance statement The

Philosophy - Ethical Subjectivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Philosophy - Ethical Subjectivism - Essay Example The need of the hour is to redefine the emotional and rational aspects of decision taking with reference to the changing life situations. As Baby Theresa’s father, I had to consider both the emotional and rational aspects of decision making within a very short span of time. I had to take care that I was not overcome by my emotions in the process. It is difficult for anyone to see her/his newborn suffering every minute in their imminent journey to death. But what is unthinkable is to allow others to take her life for whatever reasons. What I needed to make sure that these emotional extremes were not the only factors that influenced my decision. Once the doctors explained to me what Anencephaly is, what struck me most was the meaninglessness of Baby Theresa’s extended hours on the face of the earth, since she had no hope at all to lead a conscious life. It was nothing different from a brain death. The only hope to see her ‘live’ meaningfully in some way was to let her organs donated. That way, at least a fragment of her existence could be of use to this world, and we could be content that she lives through the infants who received her organs. I strongly believe that every form of life in this world has some purpose to serve to the cosmic pattern, and I felt I should help the essence of life in baby Theresa should be allowed the same, instead of watching it perish meaninglessly. Even as we loved Theresa as she was, we knew that the presence of life and the healthy organs she had will never be of any use to her. We would have loved to see her grow up in her own way if there had been the slightest chance of conscious living for her. On the other hand, she was not destined to have a quality life other than a mere survival for a matter of days in biological terms. We needed to make sure that whatever is healthy in her body is made useful to the world, which is badly in need of what we were willing to provide. One has to face the reality and

Obesrvation of baskball game Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Obesrvation of baskball game - Essay Example Niels Giffey Defensive Rebound. Foul on Kenny Kaminski. DeAndre Daniels made Free Throw. DeAndre Daniels missed Free Throw. Adreian Payne Defensive Rebound. Adreian Payne missed Jumper. Niels Giffey Defensive Rebound. Ryan Boatright missed Three Point Jumper. Gary Harris made Layup. Assisted by Keith (Bonesteel, 2014). Appling. Phillip Nolan Offensive Rebound. Connecticut Turnover at the official time out. Branden Dawson missed Jumper. Niels Giffey made Jumper. Assisted by Shabazz Napier. Denzel Valentine made Three Point Jumper. Assisted by Matt Costello then the first half ended .The second half; Jump Ball won by Connecticut. Foul on Keith Appling. Shabazz Napier missed Three Point Jumper. Gary Harris made Jumper. Adreian Payne made Three Point Jumper. Assisted by Gary Harris. Adreian Payne made Jumper. Assisted by Denzel Valentine before Connecticut’s time out. Shabazz Napier made Three Point Jumper. Phillip Nolan made Layup. Assisted by Ryan Boatright. After Michigan’s time out Ryan Boatright made Three Point Jumper. Assisted by Phillip Nolan and the game ended (Bonesteel,

Social and cultural marketing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Social and cultural marketing - Coursework Example Non- profit organization make good use of societal marketing as they ensure they incorporate public activities as well as public relations in their marketing strategies. Marketing for non-profit organizations The type of marketing employed by non-profit organizations should put into consideration the needs of consumers as well as those of donors. Marketing for non-profit organizations does not only entail making sales or obtaining donations from sponsors but also satisfying the needs of both the donors and consumers (Da Cunha, 1990 p 218). Social marketing is a practice which involves influencing of human behaviors to change their attitudes regarding a certain social issue. This can be achieved through application of marketing principles that will ensure the society benefits rather than ensuring commercial profit for the organization (Ethics Based Marketing, 2011 p 2). Social marketing can therefore be defined as application of principles of commercial marketing to social programs th at are related to health and human services. The main aim of social marketing is therefore to encourage changes in behavior in individuals so as to bring about change in society and not for the purpose of generating profits within non-profit organizations. ... It will also contribute to development of interventions that integrate the needs of the target audience with those of sponsors. Marketing for non-profit organizations should be used for social change. Social marketing can be applied so as to provide an approach that can be used to curb a social issue by creating societal awareness and change in attitudes among individuals (Pride and Ferrell, 1985 p 327). These changes will in turn translate into various mechanisms that act as guidelines regarding behavior that is acceptable or not acceptable within a society therefore reducing the level of acceptance of certain social marketing issues. Background Alcoholism is a problem that is faced in most countries and it has negative effects on various sectors such as health, society as well as economy. Alcohol is widely consumed in the UK and the consumption rates are seen to fluctuate with situations of economic downfalls and prosperity (Ashley, 1982 p 870). Over the recent years, focus has inc reased on the patterns of drinking, levels of alcohol consumption as well as contribution of excessive consumption of alcohol to acute health problems and long- term effects. Patterns of drinking involve various aspects of drinking such as the time and place where drinking occurs, individual characteristics of a person who drinks, the types of drinks that are frequently consumed as well as drinking behaviors and norms that form a drinking culture (Jernigan 2008 p 39). Alcohol is commonly associated with events in UK as it is frequently consumed in cultural and religious functions, business and social functions as well as in most recreational functions. For many individuals in the

Downsizing and Globalization In the USA and the UK Assignment

Downsizing and Globalization In the USA and the UK - Assignment Example The cost is the international rationalization process, which is currently wreaking havoc in the labor market, particularly in certain parts of Europe. The primary reason for the adoption of downsizing and globalization strategies by firms is to achieve cost-cutting and increase revenue by capturing the global market (Scholte, 2005:132). However, this results in serious implication for the economy of the country of origin, as more workers lose their jobs and plunge into poverty, which significantly reduces the standards of living. The cost is the international rationalization process, which is currently wreaking havoc in the labor market, particularly in certain parts of Europe. The primary reason for the adoption of downsizing and globalization strategies by firms is to achieve cost-cutting and increase revenue by capturing the global market (Scholte, 2005:132). However, this results in serious implication for the economy of the country of origin, as more workers lose their jobs and plunge into poverty, which significantly reduces the standards of living. Reasons for Downsizing In essence, downsizing refers to the planned elimination of jobs or positions. Many corporations and business have used, or are likely to use, the strategy to achieve different goals. In the United States, for instance, approximately 43 million jobs were slashed off between 1979 and 1995. Evidently, this is a significant portion of the workforce (Archibald, 2009:321). Companies adopt downsizing measures due to a number of factors that affect the organizational and work structure, including computerization, consolidations, globalization, and divestment. These factors create a new attitude towards employment, a new workforce, and over and above all, reduced job morale, and security. The prevalent increase in global business has led to more competition in the marketplace (Slaughter and Swagel, 1997). In addition, the increasing rate of technological advancement enables businesses to achieve higher productivity and run their global businesses smoothly.  Often, companies are unable to keep up with the enormous technological advancement introduced into the market every month. The subsequent shift from producing products to providing services often leads to reengineering and downsizing of many companies. Companies employ downsizing strategies in financial attempts to produce larger revenue margins. Holding other factors constant, the fewer the employees a company has, the more productive and efficient the workplace. Conventionally, the remaining workers feel obliged to become more efficient in quality and speed, as well as the significant reduction in the use of company resources (Archibald, 2009:325).

Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Polyvinylchloride (PVC) - Essay Example PVC is highly unstable and therefore it requires stabilization which can be done in several ways. One of the common ways is prevention of dehydrochlorination. This process involves the addition of other compounds like metal oxides in order to stop or slow dehydroclorination. Most of the commercially available PVC is understood to be anamorphous glass like polymer that has crystalline structure. These crystallites are made up of few monomers that are arranged syndiotactically. As such, the appearance appears to be flowing grains that has primary aggregates embedded in them. It is often claimed that there are sub-primary particles embedded in the flowing grains but this has remained controversial. The PVC’s phase structure combines with several compounds such as chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer (EVA) and acrylo-nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR). This phase is predicated upon compatibility as well as process temperature and blending during mechanical blending. An increase of the temperature during mechanical processing of PVC to levels higher than the critical levels recommended for first degree particle fusion leads to shift. The shift leads to an inversion whereby there is a higher rubber content with 30% being non

Obesity Essay Introduction Essay Example for Free

Obesity Essay Introduction Essay In the process of evolution, a human body has adapted to accumulate a supply of nutrients in the amount of food for expending it in conditions of forced absence or restriction of provision. This kind of evolutionary advantage allowed us to survive in difficult times. In ancient period, fatness was considered as a sign of well-being, prosperity, fertility, and health. An example is the sculpture of Venus of Willendorf, dated 22nd millennium BC. E. A careful attitude to own weight is a trend of the present time. The lifestyle of a modern person is often far from what doctors and elementary common sense recommend. Constant stress and inability to have a good rest lead to one of the simplest and cheapest ways to relax like absorption of high-calorie food. As a result, a wide-scale disease in megacities becomes obesity, but it can be prevented by conducting regular laboratory diagnostics. Obesity is a widespread illness, characterized by excessive development of adipose tissue. The problem frequently occurs with age, when motor activity decreases, and a number of vital body systems fail. The genesis of fatness is mostly caused by a violation of the balance between energy intake and its expenditure of the body. Excess calories, i.e. not consumed by an organism, are converted to grease, which accumulates in fat stores. We are talking about subcutaneous tissue, epiploon, abdominal wall, internal organs, etc. An increase in fat stores leads to addition in body weight and disruption of many systems. The basis of an appearance of primary obesity is an alimentary factor associated with an enhanced energy value of the diet at low energy costs. The mentioned type develops as an output of the predominance in a menu of carbohydrates and animal grease or disruption of dietary patterns, which often carries a family predisposition. Calories contained in fats contribute more to weight gain than those involved in proteins and carbohydrates. Hypodinamy significantly reduces an ability of muscles to oxidize grease. Secondary fatness accompanies such hereditary syndromes as Babinsky-Frohlichs disease, Gelino syndrome, Lawrence-Myan-Barde-Biddle syndrome, etc. Symptomatic obesity may also happen against a background of various cerebral lesions. Similar changes in eating behavior occur as a result of the violation of a hypothalamic-pituitary regulation, which is responsible for controlling behavioral responses. Their genesis is also facilitated by a number of factors, such as a low-activity lifestyle, genetically caused disorders of enzyme activity, errors in nature or dietary, some endocrine pathologies, stress, lack of sleep, and the use of psychotropic or hormonal drugs. Obesity’s presence within a certain patient entails the need for a number of laboratory tests necessary for finding out the reasons and an appointment of adequate therapy. Analyzes allow you to assess liver function, parameters of fat and carbohydrate metabolism, a state of the reproductive system, the functioning of the thyroid gland. Thus, every person suffering from fatness could have own motivation for weight loss: cosmetic effect, reducing the risk to health, improving efficiency, a desire to wear smaller clothes or a wish to look good. However, goals and its rates should be real and directed, first of all, to reduce dangers of obesity-related complications. With hereditary predisposition, at the age of 40 years, in conditions of hypodinamy, it needs to limit consumption of carbohydrates, fats, transit to the diet of protein and plant foods. For the prevention of obesity, a person with a normal weight is enough to spend calories and energy as much as he or she gets them during the day.

Online Buyology Essay Example for Free

Online Buyology Essay Descriptions of China’s economy are often paired with the best of accolades: promising, miraculous and meteoric, to name a few. But observers rarely use the words â€Å"fair† and â€Å"transparent† to describe the country’s business environment. One need not look far to see why: rampant corruption, preferential policies for state-owned companies, and copious red tape all prevent private enterprises from thriving. Yet out of this unequal playing field, e-commerce giant Alibaba and web portal Sina have created two of the fairest and most transparent business platforms in China. Alibaba allows individuals and companies to sell goods on its Taobao platform, giving vendors a set of standards and leaving everything else to their discretion. Weibo is similarly a free-for-all of Chinese expression, with the notable exception of controversial political topics. Both Taobao and Weibo have exploded since their founding and have maintained commanding leads in their respective fields. Taobao sales were US$58. 7 billion (RMB370 billion) in 2010 while Tmall, a site aimed at more developed brands spun off of Taobao in 2008, currently has about 55,000 vendors. And in the two years since Sina Weibo’s founding, the Twitter-like service has racked up 250 million users. â€Å"If you ask people, ‘Why you want to shop online? ’ I think many people will say that it gives transparency of pricing†¦ people look for convenience, people like more information,† said Phil Wei, China CEO of Export Now, a startup that allows US-based companies to list products on Tmall. â€Å"One thing [Alibaba founder] Jack Ma did is offer freedom to all these consumers and all these business units. † The free market The freedom to compete is giving rise to third-party service providers that could become some of the most dynamic companies in the Chinese economy. As has been the case with US tech giants Twitter and Ebay, Taobao and Weibo have both spawned an eco-system of third-party companies that provide related services, making the platforms practically an economy unto themselves. The type of third-party service providers surrounding the two platforms reflects the different aims of Taobao and Weibo. â€Å"Taobao is doing usiness transaction[s] while Weibo is media spreading information,† said Deco You, a Beijing-based analyst at iResearch, an online market research company. This discrepancy results in very different growth rates, said You. â€Å"The number of Taobao-related companies will increase much faster than those Weibo-related ones. † In addition to opportunities to sell goods, Taobao and Tmall offer business opportunities for subcontractors that provide services to vendors , such as store design, customer service, logistics and marketing. As a media platform, Weibo naturally lends itself to marketing companies, which began to emerge about a year after Weibo’s founding. Yang Xin, founder of marketing firm Weichuanbo, said he knows of at least 10 start-up companies that also specialize in Weibo, not to mention traditional marketing firms which have entered the arena. Despite these differences, doing business centered on either Taobao or Weibo is remarkably similar. The short lead times and relatively limited barriers to entry have resulted in fierce competition among many similar companies. Many of these third-party companies are quick to copy each other’s successes, a common tactic in China where enforcement of intellectual property rights is not as strong as in the West. But instead of knock-offs, the competition seems to foster flexibility. Weichuanbo has upgraded its software platform three times in attempt to stay ahead of copycats, Yang said. The companies also compete for the best online real estate on Weibo and Taobao. Taobao and Tmall sell ad spaces to the right of search results, although search results themselves are organic and depend on sales and consumer ratings. Weibo marketing companies commonly pay influential users to promote their products. Weichuanbo compensates about 200,000 users for their help, and Yang hopes that number will someday grow to 2-3 million. The instant feedback of web analytics also means that companies know immediately if they are falling behind the competition. If a user doesn’t like an attempt at viral marketing on Weibo, they are likely to say so or ignore it altogether. Shoppers on Taobao are just as quick to pass judgment. â€Å"Online, if a client comes to your store, if they stay longer than five seconds your store is not bad,† said Wei of Export Now. That means the chances they become frequent visitors will be significantly higher. But if [they stay] less than five seconds, they probably will not come back again. † Taobao- and Weibo-related companies also compete for unbridled optimism. Weichuanbo aims to have more than 300% in annual revenue growth within the next two years. Export Now expects to have some 300 US manufacturers selling through its service and US$1. 59-3. 18 million (RMB10-20 million) in revenue by the end of the year, up from virtually nothing at the present. The market will keep growing and the trend will continue in the next five to 10 years, and the expansion brings about more opportunities for third-party companies,† said Dong Xu, an analyst at research firm Analysys International. Yet growth in the Weibo community may not be sustainable. The government-led research center China Internet Network Information Center issued a report last month stating that new signups for Weibo began to slow in the second half of 2011. Weibo users nearly quadrupled from the end of 2010 to 250 million. With only 500 million internet users in China, however, continuing at that pace will be impossible. Although user growth will slow, there is still much money to be made. Spending on internet marketing is projected to grow to US$12. 5 billion (RMB79. 1 billion) in 2012, up from an estimated US$8. 1 billion in 2011 and US$5. 2 billion in 2010, according to iResearch. Marketing revenue in China is likely to continue growing quickly, said You of iResearch. Advertisers have only recently begun to shift online, attracted by ad space that is often more targeted and cost-effective than traditional print and TV advertising. Marketing and analytics companies can strive to grab more of that revenue by improving on underdeveloped technology and becoming more efficient, said You. Foreign companies with better technology and efficient operations could also enter the market, though they will still be limited by cultural barriers. Taobao and Weibo could also begin providing additional marketing services themselves. Taobao launched an internet marketing division in April 2010 called the Taobao Alliance, which quickly grew to have US$238 million (RMB1. 5 billion) in revenue, according to iResearch. This potential for new entrants means the market for third-party services is likely to remain highly competitive. Many companies that fail to keep up with the pace of innovation will undoubtedly be pushed out of business or be acquired by more successful competitors. But those that do innovate and survive will probably be among the most dynamic companies in China’s internet sector, regardless of the platform. As Wang Weili of Taobao marketing firm Shenzhen Fangwei E-Commerce puts it: â€Å"There might be other websites driving our business in the future. But where there are clients is where we will be. †

Hart Fuller Contrasting Points Positivism And Natural Law Philosophy Essay

Hart Fuller Contrasting Points Positivism And Natural Law Philosophy Essay In our daily life the law playing prominent roles. The law always prohibits, controls, regulates as how the society need to act and behave. In order to avoid from being charged from any penalty the society has to ought to follow the law or regulation by the government. Previously, the natural law which may come from morality, reason, God, or some other such source ruled the people. Whereby the natural law acts as positive law as there is existence of particular ideal principles or importance to which the positive law should be consistent if it is to be as genuine law. Moral concerns invade the law at every aspect. The inflexibility of distinction between morality and the law- even it is continue to analytical clarity-is, to natural lawyers, highly difficult to believe. The legal positivists search for a value free account of law is contradicts the claims by the natural lawyer which it is failed to do the very fundamental of law, its morality- that the act of positing lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ can and should be guided by moral principles and rules; that those moral norms are a matter of objective reasonableness, not of whim, convention, or mere decision.  [1]  It is simply means that the legislators need come up with law which needs to be comply with moral concerns and need with apply to all the situations rather than it is being a passing impulse, formal agreement between the people and government. As far we concern as long we have good law does not mean we can produce a good society. The inner morality must be there in each individual so only we can develop a good society. Example, we have law shop lifting in all shops, where the shop lifters need be handed to police. The securities of the shop duties to keep on eye on shop lifters. As they catch any shop lifters they not able to touch them or scold them to put back the things as they prohibits to do so by safety and health law. The shop lifters should know that is to not good ethics, which need to come from their mind. This cannot be forced by any law. The law just being guidance for our daily life, mainly our inner morality is important to our daily life. Each individuals need to think and rationalize things which is good or not. Based on our selected perspective Hart and Fuller debate demonstrated the contrasting points of positivism and natural law. Lon Fuller found for family resemblance in different types of natural theories especially on principles of social order  [2]  . I discern, and share, one central aim common to all schools of natural law, that of discovering those principles of social order which will enable men to attain a satisfactory life in common. He also assumed that in all principles of natural law it was assumed that the process of moral discovery is a social one, and that there is something akin to a collaborative articulation of shared purposes by which men come to understand better their own end to discern more clearly the means for achieving them. Fuller claiming that the basic belief of natural law is an affirmation of the role of reason in legal ordering  [3]  . Fuller says that there is necessary for the relation between morality and law. As we can see he implies the law with practical value. Fullers initial argument that a legal system on purposive human enterprise of subjecting human conduct to the governance of rules. He simply means that the legal system had other objectives as well. In order a system of law to be qualified, the certain procedural objectives needs to be acknowledged as goals rather than being imply arbitrary force. A statute law (and other made law) were involved needs that they be sufficiently general (there must be rules); publicly promulgated; sufficiently prospective; clear and intelligible; free of contradictions; sufficiently constant through time so that people can order their relation according; not require the impossible; and be administered in a way sufficiently congruent with their wording so that people can abide by them  [4]  . These principles he described as an internal morality of law as they implyin g the concept of law. It also can be called as morality because they come up with standards for examining official conduct. If the legislators make rules which are not possible to obey by citizens it will lead to failure in making the law. In the event it will result in something bad law but not law at all. We can say that the law not reflecting a system of rules which is completely incapable of guiding conduct of legal system In order the system to be acknowledge as law it must essentially follow standard with principles of legality, and since according to Fuller he supports for particular moral values. It follows that we cannot describe the nature of law without resource to moral concepts. The concepts of legality are laws inner morality or resource to moral concepts. In Fuller point of view the Nazi Germany law can distinct from the ideal legal morality as Nazi law is created based applying things that have happened in the past. Fuller believes that if the legislators follow the procedural ideas which are create into the idea of law they more likely to provide good laws. He goes on to say that rest on the assertion of a belief that may seem naÃÆ' ¯ve, namely that coherence and goodness have more affinity than coherence and evil (Fuller, 1958, p 636). For when men are compelled to explain and justify their decision towards goodness ( Fuller,1958, p 636)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.ask lohitha. H.L.A Harts Concept of Law (1961) is made research on connection between law, coercion, and morality. it is just a trial to answer the question whether all the law may be appropriately conceptualized as coercive orders or as moral commands. There is no need of link between law and coercion or between the law and morality says by Hart. He explain that to categorized all law as coercive orders or as moral commands is to oversimplify the relation between law, coercion, and morality. He further expands that to conceptualize all laws as coercive orders or as moral commands is to enforce a deceptive existence of uniformity on different types of laws and different types of social purposes which law may perform. He claims that to describe that all law as coercive orders is to mischaracterize that purpose and function of some law and is to misunderstand their content, mode of origin, and range of application. Simply means that the law supposes to imply to all citizen according to purposes or objectives of law rather than being arbitrary force. Hart says that primary rules of obligation which is the law enforces law or obligation towards individuals. For system of primary rules to work effectively, secondary rules may also be necessary in order to provide an authoritative statement of all the primary rules. If the primary rules seem to be incomplete or inadequate there is opportunity for the legislators me by can update the law in secondary rules. The secondary rules become very important when the courts utilizes to resolves any issues arise over interpretation and application of it. The secondary rules of a legal system may thus include 1) rules of recognition, 2) rules of change, and 3) rules of adjudication. If the rules are clear, not ambiguous and understandable to all individuals then only the primary rules of legal system can be run effectively. If it not so it may create uncertainty on obligations which they imposed to individuals. In secondary rules of legal system may also leads to uncertainty where there vagueness and ambiguity as to whether courts have legal authority over disputes relating to interpretation and applications of laws. Hart asserts that primary rules of obligation are not in themselves sufficient to establish of a system of law that can be formally recognized, changed, or adjudicated. Where it means that primary rules solely not able to provide a good law which can useful for all individuals. The primary rules need to work together with secondary rules from the initial stage of legislation. The combination of primary and secondary rules can acknowledge a legal system (although Hart does not claim that this union is the only valid criterion of a legal system or that a legal system must be described in these terms in order to be properly defined). Hart divided external and internal ideas on how the rules of a legal system may be explained or judged. The external idea can be said that where an observer who does not need to follow the rules of legal system. They can able to judge the scope of the rules of the legal system cause something in usual form of conduct on the part of individuals to whom the rules apply. Contrast with internal point of view, where individual who are regulated by the rules of the legal system and who obey the rules as normal of conduct. Harts discussion can make conclusion in such way that we cannot understand law other than as a standard practice, as a practice which uses the standard vocabulary of ought to, entitled to and only legal statement are practical.

Why University of Florida is better than University of Central Florida :: UF UCF College University Comparison Essays

UF vs. UCF: Reasons why UF is Superior Reason 1: National Rankings UF: 19 UCF: Unranked UF ranked in the top tier for Best Colleges 2004. UCF is the in last tier. UF is ranked 19th among public universities in the nation and is approaching the Top 10 Public Universities list. UCF did not even make the list. UF is ranked 48st in the nation among all universities. UCF is ranked somewhere between 188 and 250. There, that settles it; UF is better. Doesn't this make any other reason pointless? Source: US News College Ranking Index Reason 2:Individual Program Rankings (Note: US News discontinued the free access to College Rankings based on colleges so I am forced to use old data or else I would be infringing on their rights) Program UF (2003) UCF (2003) Business Education Engineering Law Medicine 43rd in Nation 29th in Nation 29th in Nation 45th in Nation 44th in Nation All Unranked A Closer Look at Business and Engineering UCF Office of Admissions UF Academics 2002 UF Business Programs and Departments Business program rank: 23 Accounting: 10 Finance rank: 16 General management rank: 19 Marketing rank: 8 UCF Academics 2002 UCF Business Programs and Departments Business program rank: 128 (in 2001 only). Currently Unranked. UF Engineering Programs and Departments (with Ph.D. Programs) Engineering program rank: 32 Aerospace Engineering rank (2002: 11) Environmental Engineering rank: 13 Industrial Engineering rank: 16 Materials Engineering rank: 9 Nuclear Engineering rank: (2001: 6) Currently 9 UCF Engineering Programs and Departments (with Ph.D. Programs) Engineering program rank: Unranked. (Odd, wasn't UCF supposed to be a technical school?) At a recent career fair, I was able to talk to a Lockheed Martin representative. Lockheed Martin chooses the University of Florida as it's primary recruiting target for engineering. The next university is Georgia Tech. I cannot imagine why someone would chose UCF over UF or Georgia Tech in engineering. Note: On my friend's site, he implies UCF is better then Georgia Tech in engineering. lol. Reason 3: Athletics Multiple Images of Current UF Stadium Construction Inside Ben Hill Griffin Stadium's Skybox Lobby. There is no better place than 'The Swamp'! That opening on the big screen with the alligator, it's the best ever. When the Gators run out of the tunnel, it is absolutely the moment of moments in college football." - Lee Corso, ESPN College Football Analyst, FSU Graduate I think it is a well known fact that to compare any of UF's athletics to UCF's is pointless, considering UF is an athletic powerhouse, but I'll do it anyway.

Outlaw Euthanasia and Assisted Suicides Essay -- Medical Death Suicide

Outlaw Euthanasia and Assisted Suicides The people of the world today are constantly slammed with problems. There’s overpopulated countries, starving children, incurable diseases, and poverty. There’re drunk drivers on the road, burglars in our homes, and teenagers on the streets. No matter how many positive aspects you can think of for our world, these problems and many more exist. You can try to block them out, or you can strive to make them better. My proposal is to end euthanasia and physician assisted suicides. I believe that this treatment of life is wrong, and can be solved in other ways. Victims of depression, dementia, terminal illnesses, and personal reasons individuals find to die should not be relieved of their condition through injection. The option should not even be available. The world today is attempting to help suicidal people. There are thousands of hospitals and clinics across the world that employ doctors and psychiatrists that specialize in improving the quality of others lives to preven t suicide, and promote emotional stability. Now death is a reasonable and feasible option. The entirety of the problem of euthanasia and physician assisted suicides is not so much that unhappy people are dying, but that no effort or attempt is made to make them better. In every case, the request for assisted suicide stemmed from depression, anguish, desperation, or fear of abandonment. In other words, terminally ill patients sought euthanasia or assisted suicide for the same reasons that healthy people do. In the same case of healthy people, their suffering could be palliated, and their longing for death quelled, by proper use of medicine, lovingkindness, and what some have called the ministry of presence. The answer to anguish and desperation is not to coldly dispatch the anguished and desperate, but rather to enfold them within the bonds of a community that sees in them intrinsic, rather than merely utilitarian value (Assisted 5). Take for example, Janet Adkins. Janet was 54 when Dr. Kevorkian assisted her suicide. At the time of her death, she was in the early stages of Alzheimer’s Disease, and was not terminally ill. Her own doctor said she had ten years of productive life ahead of her. She never met or spoke with Kevorkian until two days before her death (Death 3). Elaine Goldbaum had fin... ...e conclusion to my proposal is simple. Life is a privilege. These days, couples are lucky to produce a child with no complications or disabilities. Successful people such as physicians should not be so willing to end others lives with such compliance. Earning a prosperous living through causing death to others is not an honest living, and these people should be considered all but heroes. One day they may say a life, yet the next, they’re discriminating and ending one because an individual asks nicely and their accounts allow them to do so. Medicine should be focusing on improving lives, rather then giving the option of ending them so easily. The option of assisted suicides and euthanasia should be outlawed which will cause people to seek other ways around their discomforts. Death should not be the answer to unhappiness, and the acts of assisted suicides should be unavailable to everyone. If an individual’s will to die is so strong, nature will take its course and fa te will choose the path. Works Cited Chevlen, Eric. Assisted Suicides. April 27, 2000 . Death with Dignity Act. April 27,2000 .

Maryannreyteran

KAMIAS AS BEVEARAGE DRINK HOW TO MAKE KAMIAS WINE? MATERIALS: 80 pcs. Of Kamias Caserole Salt 3 tbsp. sugar 1 tbsp. yeast 1 Cotainer Straw Streamer Cotton Cotton cloth 1 or 2 bottle PROCEDURE: 1. Prepared the 80 pcs. Kamias aqnd remove the upper and lower part . 2. After removing fill it to a container and wait for at least 6 or 7 days until the extract of the kamias comes out or release. 3. After 7 days waiting, separate the extract from residue in a bottle. 4. Add the 3 tbsp. sugar. 5. Wait for a days until the dullness of the extract cimes dow or what we called left residue. . Transfer to another bottle and put the yeast. 7. After putting yeast kindly get the cotton and put it to the mouth of the bottle and put a straw horizontally for the hole the bottle. 8. Wait for atleast I month. 9. After waiting, put it in a Caserole and boil in slow fire for the sterilization of the wine. 10. After that, the bottle next. 11. And feel the essence of my finish product. â€Å"Kaymito Leaves D ecoction as Antiseptic Mouthwash† Materials: ? kilo of kamias fruit 1 ? kilo of chili mortar and pestle kettle gas stove product container Procedure: The researcher collected and prepared all the materials needed. The researcher then pounded the kamias and chili separately and gets their extracts. After pounding the kamias and the chili, the researcher boiled the two extracts separately for 5 minutes. Then the researcher mixed them and poured them inside the container. Review of related literature: In the past chili was used only as spices because of its taste. Later on, it was discovered as a good mosquito killer because of its pesticidal property. While kamias (ginger lily) was also used in food spices before. Later on, it was discovered by Battistelli in 1939 that it has properties such as astringent, stomachic, refrigerant and antiscorbutic. Some of the researchers now are having kamias as wine but in this study the researcher wants to test the properties of the kamias fruit together with the chili. Oregano as Perfume Materials:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I. Ingredients: 1. ) 400 grams paraffin wax 2. ) Candle wick 3. ) 100 grams stearic acid 4. ) Dye/ scrap colored candles 5. ) Fresh oregano leaves II. Other things: 1. ) Stove 2. ) Kettle 3. ) Stick 4. ) Scissors 5. ) Pail with water 6. ) Garter 7. ) Brush 8. ) Oil 9. ) Rag 10. A pair of candle molders (#18 for the size of locally available candle) 11. ) Strainer 12. ) Knife Here are the steps: For the molder: All the materials were prepared in the working table. The candle molders were soaked in the half-full water basin for 10 minutes. After so, the molders were dried by a clean rag and brushed with oil to make it ea sy to pull out from the molder. The molders were paired and held together by a garter. For the wick: The wick was tied to a stick and placed on the mold. For the candle: The paraffin and stearic acid, together with the scrap candles, were melted together in a kettle over medium-heat stove. The fresh oregano leaves were stirred into melted wax (the strength of the scent depends on the amount of the oregano leaves and the amount of the herbs depends on your choice) Once, the change in the color of the wax was observed; the herbs can now be removed by a strainer. The melted ingredients were poured into the molder. The molder was submerged in water to hasten the cooling process. After 1-2 hours, the molder can now be opened and voila! Gloc-9 — Upuan lyrics (Chant) Kayo po na naka upo, Subukan nyo namang tumayo At baka matanaw, at baka matanaw na nyo Ang tunay na kalagayan ko Ganito kasi yan eh†¦ Verse 1: Tao po, nandyan po ba kayo sa loob ng Malaking bahay at malawak na bakuran Mataas na pader pinapaligiran At naka pilang mga mamahaling sasakyan Mga bantay na laging bulong ng bulong Wala namang kasal pero marami ang naka barong Lumakas man ang ulan ay walang butas ang bubong Mga plato't kutsara na hindi kilala ang tutong At ang kanin ay simputi ng gatas na nasa kahon At kahit na hindi pasko sa lamesa ay may hamon Ang sarap sigurong manirahan sa bahay na ganyan Sabi pa nila ay dito mo rin matatagpuan Ang tao na nagmamay-ari ng isang upuan Na pag may pagkakatao'y pinag-aagawan Kaya naman hindi niya pinakakawalan Kung makikita ko lamang siya ay aking sisigawan Chorus: Kayo po na naka upo, Subukan nyo namang tumayo, At baka matanaw, at baka matanaw na nyo Ang tunay na kalagayan ko Verse 2: [ Lyrics from: http://www. lyricsty. com/gloc-9-upuan-lyrics. html ] Mawalang galang na po Sa taong naka upo, Alam niyo bang pantakal ng bigas namin ay di puno Ang ding-ding ng bahay namin ay pinagtagpi-tagping yero Sa gabi ay sobrang init na tumutunaw ng yelo Na di kayang bilhin upang ilagay sa inumin Pinakulong tubig sa lumang takuring uling-uling Gamit lang panggatong na inanod lamang sa istero Na nagsisilbing kusina sa umaga'y aming banyo Ang aking inay na may kayamanan isang kaldero Na nagagamit lang pag ang aking ama ay sumweldo Pero kulang na kulang parin, Ulam na tuyo't asin Ang singkwenta pesos sa maghapo'y pagkakasyahin Di ko alam kung talagang maraming harang O mataas lang ang bakod O nagbubulag-bulagan lamang po kayo Kahit sa dami ng pera niyo Walang doktor na makapagpapalinaw ng mata niyo Kaya†¦ Wag kang masyadong halata Bato-bato sa langit Ang matamaa'y wag magalit O bato-bato bato sa langit Ang matamaan ay Wag masyadong halata (ooh) Wag kang masyadong halata Hehey, (Wag kang masyadong halata) (Wag kang masyadong halata) (Chant) Gloc-9 — Upuan lyrics (Chant) Kayo po na naka upo, Subukan nyo namang tumayo At baka matanaw, at baka matanaw na nyo Ang tunay na kalagayan ko Ganito kasi yan eh†¦ Verse 1: Tao po, nandyan po ba kayo sa loob ng Malaking bahay at malawak na bakuran Mataas na pader pinapaligiran At naka pilang mga mamahaling sasakyan Mga bantay na laging bulong ng bulong Wala namang kasal pero marami ang naka barong Lumakas man ang ulan ay walang butas ang bubong Mga plato't kutsara na hindi kilala ang tutong At ang kanin ay simputi ng gatas na nasa kahon At kahit na hindi pasko sa lamesa ay may hamon Ang sarap sigurong manirahan sa bahay na ganyan Sabi pa nila ay dito mo rin matatagpuan Ang tao na nagmamay-ari ng isang upuan Na pag may pagkakatao'y pinag-aagawan Kaya naman hindi niya pinakakawalan Kung makikita ko lamang siya ay aking sisigawan Chorus: Kayo po na naka upo, Subukan nyo namang tumayo, At baka matanaw, at baka matanaw na nyo Ang tunay na kalagayan ko Verse 2: Mawalang galang na po Sa taong naka upo, Alam niyo bang pantakal ng bigas namin ay di puno Ang ding-ding ng bahay namin ay pinagtagpi-tagping yero Sa gabi ay sobrang init na tumutunaw ng yelo Na di kayang bilhin upang ilagay sa inumin Pinakulong tubig sa lumang takuring uling-uling Gamit lang panggatong na inanod lamang sa istero Na nagsisilbing kusina sa umaga'y aming banyo Ang aking inay na may kayamanan isang kaldero Na nagagamit lang pag ang aking ama ay sumweldo Pero kulang na kulang parin, Ulam na tuyo't asin Ang singkwenta pesos sa maghapo'y pagkakasyahin Di ko alam kung talagang maraming harang O mataas lang ang bakod O nagbubulag-bulagan lamang po kayo Kahit sa dami ng pera niyo Walang doktor na makapagpapalinaw ng mata niyo Kaya†¦ Wag kang masyadong halata Bato-bato sa langit Ang matamaa'y wag magalit O bato-bato bato sa langit Ang matamaan ay Wag masyadong halata (ooh) Wag kang masyadong halata Hehey, (Wag kang masyadong halata) Wag kang masyadong halata) (Chant) ST. LOUIS COLLEGE OF VALENZUELA High School Department Science and Technology Area Date : January 9, 2012 To whom it may concern, We have the honor of presenting our proposal for our Investigatory Project in partial fulfillment of the requirements for our science and technology subject for the school year 2011-2012. Written below is o ur temporary title, area of study and related disciplines and members of the group. â€Å"Oregano (Origanum vulgare) as Perfume† Biochemistry (Natural products chemistry, botany, biochemistry, inorganic analysis) Ramirez, B. C. , Reyteran ,M. A. , Salalila, H. Sanchez, C. M. , Enriquez, M. , Cadag,M. , Estayan, W. , Enriquez, V. M. II- St. Bernadette Soubirous Bhea Camille RamirezMary Ann ReyteranHazel Salalila Chieni Mae SanchezMonica EnriquezMargaret Cadag Wina EstayanVictor Mari Enriquez Noted by:Remarks: Sir Justin Ortiz Faculty Science teacher and I. P. adviser ST. LOUIS COLLEGE OF VALENZUELA High School Department Science and Technology Area Date : January 9, 2012 To whom it may concern, We have the honor of presenting our proposal for our Investigatory Project in partial fulfillment of the requirements for our science and technology subject for the school year 2011-2012. Written below is our temporary title, area of study and related disciplines and members of the group. â€Å"Kamias (Averrhoa bilimbi) as Wine† Biochemistry (Natural products chemistry, botany, biochemistry, inorganic analysis) Ramirez, B. C. , Reyteran ,M. A. , Salalila, H. , Sanchez, C. M. , Enriquez, M. , Cadag,M. , Estayan, W. , Enriquez, V. M. II- St. Bernadette Soubirous Bhea Camille RamirezMary Ann ReyteranHazel Salalila Chieni Mae SanchezMonica EnriquezMargaret Cadag Wina EstayanVictor Mari Enriquez Noted by:Remarks: Sir Justin Ortiz Faculty Science teacher and I. P. adviser ST. LOUIS COLLEGE OF VALENZUELA High School Department Science and Technology Area Date : January 9, 2012 To whom it may concern, We have the honor of presenting our proposal for our Investigatory Project in partial fulfillment of the requirements for our science and technology subject for the school year 2011-2012. Written below is our temporary title, area of study and related disciplines and members of the group. â€Å"Kaymito Leaves Decoction as Antiseptic Mouthwash† Biochemistry (Natural products chemistry, botany, biochemistry, inorganic analysis) Ramirez, B. C. , Reyteran ,M. A. , Salalila, H. , Sanchez, C. M. , Enriquez, M. Cadag,M. , Estayan, W. , Enriquez, V. M. II- St. Bernadette Soubirous Bhea Camille RamirezMary Ann ReyteranHazel Salalila Chieni Mae SanchezMonica EnriquezMargaret Cadag Wina EstayanVictor Mari Enriquez Noted by:Remarks: Sir Justin Ortiz Faculty Science teacher and I. P. adviser ST. LOUIS COLLEGE OF VALENZUELA High School Department Science and Technology Area Date : January 9, 20 12 To whom it may concern, We have the honor of presenting our proposal for our Investigatory Project in partial fulfillment of the requirements for our science and technology subject for the school year 2011-2012. Written below is our temporary title, area of study and related disciplines and members of the group. â€Å" Feasibility of Chili (Capsicum frutescens) and Kamias (Hedychium coronarium) as Mosquito Killer† Biochemistry (Natural products chemistry, botany, biochemistry, inorganic analysis) Ramirez, B. C. , Reyteran ,M. A. , Salalila, H. , Sanchez, C. M. , Enriquez, M. , Cadag,M. , Estayan, W. , Enriquez, V. M. II- St. Bernadette Soubirous Bhea Camille RamirezMary Ann ReyteranHazel Salalila Chieni Mae SanchezMonica EnriquezMargaret Cadag Wina EstayanVictor Mari Enriquez Noted by:Remarks: Sir Justin Ortiz Faculty Science teacher and I. P. adviser

Nigerian Legal System Essay

The settlements in due course, either by conquest or by other growth processes, metamorphosed into kingdoms, empires and principalities, which by accident of history and by numerous geographical handicaps II or fortunes (as the case might be), attained varying levels of political, social, cultural and economic development. Certain physical features influenced the occupational distribution of the early settlers, as well as their type of ancestral workshop. For example, northwards were savanna areas; the inhabitants were chiefly pastoral; they worshipped the god of the sky. Southwards were the forest belts; for the settlers who were mainly farmers, the object of their worship was the god of land. Still further southwards are the coastland areas; the settlers were mainly fishermen and they worshipped the goddess of the sea. With time, these groups interacted with considerable frequency and in consonance with some established and regular process. Indeed, the notion of settlement itself connotes a level of human organisation; and where there is an organization, there has to be a scheme of rules or laws and compulsion to enforce obedience if the group or society must survive and continue. Each of the ethnic- linguistic groups therefore had its own concept of law, judicial process and customary laws without which human society could not exist. These laws played a prominent role in the regulation of the affairs of members of the group. They varied with space, character and level of socio-economic development and challenges which faced the various settlements. As should be expected therefore, there were manifestation of different (and sometimes conflicting) ways and conditions as one moved from one place or age to another or one empire or kingdom to another and across the jurisdiction of different customary laws.

Classical Managment Essay

Historical Foundations of management have been around for years and were first introduced by Fayol around the turn of the century . This essay will discuss three main points and questions around management, the first question will cover how modern management practices have evolved from the â€Å"classical approaches to management†. The second question will cover the challenges contemporary managers face in 2013 compared to managers in the era of the classical approaches and the third question will be around comparing and contrasting bureaucratic management to a style of management I have been faced with. This discussion will pay particular attention to Frederick Taylor’s scientific approach to management. How Modern Management Practices have evolved from the â€Å"Classical Approaches to Management†? The classical management approaches focus on developing universal principles for use in various management situations. There are 3 three major theories within the classical approaches. Scientific management, administrative principles and Bureaucratic organisations and these theories are still widely used in management today. Modern management approaches focus on the systems view of organisations and contingency thinking in a dynamic and complex environment. The modern management approaches to management grew directly from foundations established by the classical approaches. It has been proven in today’s working world you need to have a mix of the classical approaches and the modern management approaches to succeed in today’s environment. According to McDonalds case study the restaurants operate on classical management theory – there are elements of â€Å"scientific management from a former era (to maintain efficiency), as well as up-to-the minute human relations approaches to maintain the motivation of the â€Å"crew†. . Challenges contemporary mangers face in 2013 compared to mangers in the era of Classical approaches. A contemporary business environment refers to management trends in the 21st century – the year 2000 to now. . Globalisation plays a missive part in the changing challenges for contemporary mangers. Most companies move into international markets and by moving into different international markets there are different rules and regulations that need to be learned when doing business. It was Cited in that it is important for global organisations to employ people from other cultures who understand the customs and traditions of other countries and to deal appropriately with customers. This then brings different beliefs and cultural beliefs into the work place and contemporary mangers need to understand the needs of their employees. In today’s working environment multiculitlism is a growing factor and plays a big part in contemporary mangers needing to adapt to different management styles to help create the rights at work for its people, for example if your religion requires you to pray at certain times of the day, a manger would need to respect these religious beliefs and allow you to do so, back in the time if the classical era this would have not even been considered. It wasn’t until 1920s; an emphasis on the human side in the workplace began to establish its influence on management thinking . It was also cited in people are interacting with others who are different from themselves with biological, political, religious or cultural differences. This causes for the contemporary mangers to learn and adapted to new skills. If we look at the evolution of management practices over a period of time off from the era to now. It has changed dramatically and there are more practices to consider and adapt as a contemporary manger. Referring below outlines the evolution of management practices from the era to now and how much more a contemporary manger needs to consider then a manger in the era had to. Evolution of management practices Period /YearClassical Approaches 1890 Systemic Management 1900Bureaucratic Management 1920Administrative Management 1930Human Relations 1940Behavioural perspective Contemporary Approaches 1940Quantitative Management 1950Organisational Behaviour 1960System Theory 1970Contingency Theory 1990Total Quality Management 1990Learning Organisation 2000Business Reengineering CurrentStrategic Management Diversify in the workplace has also grown from the 1890’s to now. The amount of women workers in the work place has doubled over time; women in particular needs are diifernm It was cited in the journal article that Daft and Samson (2009) argued that rganisations are encountering new challenges to deal with diversity as more women and people from minority backgrounds are entering the workforce in the contemporary business environment PART B (some personal reflections) Scientific Management compared and contrast with current management style of what I have been faced with. Fredrick W. Taylor published the Scientific management emphasises careful selection and training of workers, and supervisory support. It has four guiding action principles: 1. if you check your presentation guidelines on page 7 of the Subject Outline and the extra information provided in Resources folder under Assignment Help in MGT100 Interact site you will see that subheadings are quite appropriate in business assessments. You could set you work out with meaningful headings to help guide the reader through your discussion. For example,  · INTRODUCTION (introducing both parts of the discussion)  · PART A – (optional heading) SUBHEADING 1 SUBHEADING 2 SUBHEADING 3  · PART B – (optional heading) SUBHEADING 4 (e.g. â€Å"some personal reflections . . â€Å")  · CONCLUSION (concluding both parts of the discussion)  · REFERENCES If your writing is very clear then it may not be necessary to include the Part A & B headings. Your primary responsibility is to make sure that your essay is clear and understandable to the reader. The best way to ensure this is to get someone else to read your work (preferably not a business student) before you submit. Question 2: I chose option two for the essay, Historical Foundations to Management. When considering ‘classical approaches to management’ is it suggestible that I mention (or cover) all theories, or just a select few which represent a cross section of the range of classical theories? Or, should I focus on only one or two theories? Suggestion: When in doubt put yourself in the reader’s position. The question asks about ‘classical approaches’, think about what you would want to know if you were reading a response to this question from a position of little or no knowledge of management theory. Also think about how many words you have available. That is, the more theories you include the less adequately they will be explained. It’s up to you to work out the balance between scope and detail. You can get away with most things if you explain to the reader in either the Introduction or very early on what your intended scope is (e.g ‘This discussion will pay particular attention to Fayol’s fourteen principles and Taylor’s four principles of management . . . etc). Then the reader doesn’t get disappointed to find his or her favourite theory has been omitted. This is what I think I would be silently asking myself:  · What is meant by a ‘classical approach’? and by implication . . .  · How is a ‘classical approach’ different to other approaches?  · How is the writer (you) going to make his case that classical approaches are still/not relevant today? Asking these questions would lead you to the sort of answers you are looking for with regard to ‘required theoretical content’:  · You really need to mention at least briefly the three big names of Taylor, Fayol, and Weber  · You really need to give a nod to the other big approaches such as quantitative, HRM, contemporary  · This is your choice and will be determined by personal interest, the sorts of case examples you use and word limits. You need to include enough material to be convincing. You won’t have to look very far with any of those big names to make a case. I imagine you will only have space for about 2 specific theories Carroll, S. J & Gillen D. J. (1984). The Classical Management Functions: Are They Really Outdated? P132-136. doi:10.5465/AMBPP.1984.4978715 Ambang, T, (2009). Challenges of contemporary management in Papua New Guinea, 10(2), p1-16.

Dominican Republic: From a Colony to the Caribbean’s Largest Tourist Destination

After three centuries of Spanish rule, with French and Haitian interludes, the country became independent in 1821 under the rule of a former colonial judge who maintained the system of slavery and limited rights for the mostly mulatto and black population. The ruler, Jose Nunez de Caceres, intended that the Dominican Republic be part of the nation of Gran Colombia, but he was quickly removed by the Haitian government and â€Å"Dominican† slave revolts. Victorious in the Dominican War of Independence in 1844, Dominicans experienced mostly internal strife, and also a brief return to Spanish rule, over the next 72 years. The United States occupation of 1916–1924, and a subsequent, calm and prosperous six-year period under Horacio Vasquez Lajara, were followed by the dictatorship of Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina until 1961. The civil war of 1965, the country's last, was ended by a U. S. -led intervention, and was followed by the authoritarian rule of Joaquin Balaguer, 1966–1978. Since then, the Dominican Republic has moved toward representative democracy,[4] and has been led by Leonel Fernandez for most of the time after 1996. The Dominican Republic has the second largest economy in the Caribbean and Central American region. [10][11] Though long known for sugar production, the economy is now dominated by services. [4] The country's economic progress is exemplified by its advanced telecommunication system. [12] Nevertheless, unemployment,[4] government corruption, and inconsistent electric service remain major Dominican problems. The country also has â€Å"marked income inequality†. [4] International migration affects the Dominican Republic greatly, as it receives and sends large flows of migrants. Haitian immigration and the integration of Dominicans of Haitian descent are major issues; the total population of Haitian origin is estimated at 800,000. [13] A large Dominican diaspora exists, most of it in the United States, where it numbers 1. 3 million. [14] They aid national development as they send billions of dollars to their families, accounting for one-tenth of the Dominican GDP. [4][15] The Dominican Republic has become the Caribbean's largest tourist destination; the country's year-round golf courses are among the top attractions. [12] In this mountainous land is located the Caribbean's highest mountain, Pico Duarte, as is Lake Enriquillo, the Caribbean's largest lake and lowest elevation. [16] Quisqueya, as Dominicans often call their country, has an average temperature of 26  °C (78. 8  °F) and great biological diversity. [12] Music and sport are of the highest importance in Dominican culture, with merengue as the national dance and song and baseball the favorite sport. [5]

A Review Of TVs Motor Company

A Review Of TVs Motor Company What exactly is marketing and why is it important to you as an entrepreneur? Simply stated, marketing is everything you do to place your product or service in the hands of potential customers. It includes diverse disciplines like sales, public relations, pricing, packaging, and distribution. In order to distinguish marketing from other related professional services, S.H. Simmons, author and humorist, relates this anecdote. Marketing is your strategy for allocating resources (time and money) in order to achieve your objectives (a fair profit for supplying a good product or service). Though it may feel counter-intuitive, marketing doesn’t begin with a great idea or a unique product. It begins with customers — those people who want or need your product and will actually buy it. People have their own unique perceptions of the world based on their belief system. The most innovative ideas, the greatest products, or a superior service succeed only when you market within the c ontext of people’s perceptions. Context can be many things, singly or simultaneously. To name a few, you may market to your customers within the context of their wants, needs, problems solved, or situation improved. Entrepreneurs need to be aware of many other contexts, such as social and economic trends or governmental regulations, which we’ll discuss another time. People don’t just â€Å"buy† a product. They â€Å"buy† the concept of what that product will do for them, or help them do for themselves. People who are overweight don’t join a franchise diet center to eat pre-packaged micro-meals. They â€Å"buy† the concept of a new, thin, happy and successful self. Without a plan, your entrepreneurial dream is really wishful thinking. While a marketing plan can be a map for success, remember that the map is not the territory. A strategy that ignores the customer isn’t an accurate reflection of the landscape. A good marketing pla n can help you focus your energy and resources. But a plan created in a vacuum, based solely on your perceptions, does not advance the agenda. That’s why market research, however simple or sophisticated, is important. Introduction TVS Group TVS Group is one of India’s oldest business groups. It is a giant conglomerate with presence in diverse fields like automotive component manufacturing, automotive dealerships and electronics. Today, there are over thirty companies in the TVS Group, employing more than 40,000 people worldwide and with a turnover in excess of USD 2.2 billion. TVS Motor Company is the third largest two-wheeler manufacturer in India and one among the top ten in the world, with annual turnover of more than USD 1 billion in 2006-2007, and is the flagship company of the USD 4 billion TVS Group. A bike for anyone TVS Motor currently manufactures a wide range of two-wheelers from mopeds to racing inspired motorcycles. Motorcycles (TVS Apache, TVS Star, TVS Flame) Variomatic Scooters (TVS Scooty Pep +, TVS Scooty Teenz) and Mopeds (TVS XL Super, TVS XL Heavy Duty) TVS Motor Company – Vision We are committed to being a highly profitable, socially responsible, and leading manufacturer of high value for money, environmentally friendly, lifetime personal transportation products under the TVS brand, for customers predominantly in Asian markets and to provide fulfilment and prosperity for employees, dealers and suppliers.

Enchancinf m-commerce adoption in Thailand Essay

Enchancinf m-commerce adoption in Thailand - Essay Example This technology has seen rapid development and it has increased an organization’s ability to reach its customers regardless of the geographic distances due to which even farmers in India and Bangladesh made use of this technology. This in turn has created more demand for more advanced mobile devices with advance features. However, the success of m-commerce lies on mutual trust as trust plays a vital role in acceptance. It has become vital to the economic growth of a nation. While more than a third of mobile users in Japan had already used their phones to buy goods by 2003, m-commerce was introduced in Thailand only in 2005 (ATM Marketplace, 2003). It has been found that countries like Korea and Japan experience widespread penetration and success while another important Asian country – namely Thailand lags behind in e-commerce penetration. Developing countries have an advantage in adopting technology or ICT as they just have to follow the leader and thereby avoid costly mistakes (Gray & Sanzogni, 2004). Thailand has been competent in every respect, including political stability and financial robustness in introducing technology but it did not succeed. Penz (2006) contends that differences in behaviour and response pattern differ across culture and societies. Individuals group together through shared beliefs, emotions, lifestyles and consumption patterns. These perceptions, ideas and representations become the social creations and people base their responses accordingly. The attitude of the Thais has prevented new technologies from being accepted by the community at large (Gray & Sanzogni, 2004). This is because they do not tolerate failure and they do no readily accept ideas from the younger generation. This is also the reason that the government was slow to acknowledge the importance of internet for the progress of the nation. The Thai culture is based on trust and relationships with others,

Change Management or Change Leadership Which is more important Discuss Essay

Change Management or Change Leadership Which is more important Discuss - Essay Example This paper will particularly examine the two terms ‘change management’ and ‘change leadership’ and suggest which is more important in today’s highly competitive business environment. Change management Vs change leadership John Kotter (2011), the chief innovation officer of the Kotter International, has deeply researched into the difference between change management and change leadership. The author strongly says that these two terms are not interchangeable under any circumstance. According to Kotter, change management â€Å"refers to a set of basic tools or structures intended to keep any change effort under control† whereas the change leadership â€Å"concerns the driving forces, visions and processes that fuel large-scale transformation† (Kotter 2011). The major goal of the change management is to reduce the distractions and effects of the change maximum while the main objective of change leadership is to identify and promote various c hange driving factors that would fuel the planned change. Change management encompasses areas like planning, organising, and project management (Davis 2012). Change leadership tries to communicate the vision and the nature of the change process (ibid). Active participation of staff and other stakeholders is necessary to make the change leadership effective. ... Similarly, effective employee involvement is necessary to ensure greater commitment and support from their part.. Definition, explanation, and progression are crucial prerequisites to a successful change management program (ibid, pp. 209-210). It is identified that change management is a loosely defined term and hence different authors present different views to address this concept. Under the change management process, a range of ideas from areas like business, engineering, and psychology are applied to achieve desired outcomes (Hiatt & Creasey 2003, p. 11). In today’s business environment, many organisations fail to adapt to various changes properly because of various reasons. Change leadership is a primary solution to make the change management effective and to adapt to different organisational changes quickly and efficiently (Daft 2008, p. 454). Leaders have an inevitable role to play in promoting the change because they are the persons responsible for providing motivation and communication essential to keep the change efforts in the apt track; hence, strong and proactive leadership is a major factor determining the success of the change (ibid). A better change management model itself would not guarantee a successful change; instead, better supervision of the change management programme by an efficient and committed leader is vital to achieve expected goals (Orridge 2009, p.19). It is clear that a leader often needs to go beyond written check lists and fundamental operational models to understand his/her followers and their concerns and the feelings of the change. Therefore, under any circumstance, change leadership is the key to get the

International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

International Relations - Essay Example In reaction to the tendencies and occurrences that happen in cyberspace, the options US intelligence community and the rest of the world actors make in subsequent years will form cyberspace for tens of years to come, with potentially reflective consequences for US economic and state security (Reveron 212). In US, cyber threats defined in terms of cyber espionage and cyber attacks. A cyber attack is an offensive action planned to generate physical effects or to maneuver, disrupt, or erase data. It might vary from a block operation that temporarily deters access to a page or site, to a hit on a power turbine that consequences physical injury and an outage lasting for some times. Cyber espionage denotes intrusions into systems to access sensitive political, military, or financial information. Increasing Risk to US Critical Infrastructure It is supposed that there is a remote possibility of a foremost cyber attack against US sensitive infrastructure systems at some stage in the subsequen ce years that would consequence in lasting, wide-scale interruption of services, such as a regional electricity outage. The stage of technical knowledge and operational complexity required for such a cyber attack, comprising the capability to generate physical damage or trounce mitigation issues like manual overrides; will be unreachable for most stakeholders during this time outline.3 Advanced cyber participants like China and Russia are implausible to initiate such an overwhelming attack against America outside of a military disagreement or predicament that they consider threatens their fundamental interests. It is evident that isolated nation actors might organize less complicated cyber attacks as a type of provocation or retaliation (Dutton 556). These less sophisticated but extremely motivated actors could hack a number of poorly safeguarded US networks that manage core functions, such as electricity generation, during the next couple of years, however, their capability to cont rol that access to grounds high-impact; universal disruptions will almost certainly be restricted. The previous years, US has experienced a denial-of-service operation against the open websites of numerous US stock exchanges and banks, stakeholders flooded systems with traffic and prohibited some clients from attaining their accounts through the Internet for a restricted period, even though the attacks did not modify customers’ details or affect other monetary functions.4 This is a form of cyber threat that US and the rest of the world faces. In late 2012 attack regarding Saudi oil company Aramco, malevolent actors made over thirty thousand computers on Aramco’s commercial network unusable. The threat did not damage production capabilities. Information Control and Internet Governance It is essential for the US intelligence community to control internet usage and

Can Concept of Enlightened Shareholder Value Succeed in Bridging the Essay

Can Concept of Enlightened Shareholder Value Succeed in Bridging the Gap between the Shareholder and Stakeholders Value Theories - Essay Example Does the concept of Enlightened Shareholder Value succeed in bridging the gap between the Shareholder and Stakeholders Value theories? Critically discuss the advantages, disadvantages and future perspectives of this new approach. 1. Introduction In the Enlightened Shareholder Value approach, much focus is given to â€Å"corporate stakeholders, including the environment, employees, and local communities† which are considered important in establishing long-term shareholder benefits1. Much debate has been seen throughout the years on what the goals of corporations should be. In order to seek an answer to this query, the shareholder value principle and the stakeholder theory has been considered. The shareholder value principle requires for a corporation to be managed in ways which support the shareholders over and above other parties having claims on the company. This principle has been seen in the US, the UK, Canada, and Australia. The stakeholder theory on the other hand declare s that the goal of the corporation must be to support all individuals who have been identified as stakeholders2. Under this set-up, the organization therefore seeks to manage the corporation for its shareholders, as well as all stakeholders who can be impacted by the organization. This theory is seen in Germany and in some European countries. In general, the shareholder value principle is being applied in most UK corporations. ... The current application of the shareholder theory is based on the Chicago School of Economics which highlighted the fact that the primary purpose of corporations is to maximize the wealth of shareholders; this theory also argues and that resolving social issues are state functions, not corporate functions4. Sharing wealth through philanthropy is therefore considered a useless enterprise for the corporation; in some instances, it may even be considered immoral because it is as good as stealing from the shareholders. The importance of the shareholder has been based on the principle of corporate law supported by the contractarian school in the US5. The contractarians declare that contractual relations among individuals within a company must be considered sacred6. These contractarians therefore uphold the right of the shareholders as the main basis for any corporation. This preference is based on the idea that for as long as the corporation is solvent, the company must be run in favour o f residual claimants7. These claimants have an interest in the company’s profits and therefore, their stake in the outcome of the company is also high. If the company suffers a downturn however, these shareholders also suffer to a significant extent. It is therefore important for shareholders to have a right to control the corporation over and above the interests of stakeholders8. 2.2 Criticism The shareholder theory is however very much focused on earning profits for its shareholders, with little to no concern at all attributed to how, who, or what is affected negatively by the corporation in gaining said profits. This theory also does not consider the environmental, social, cultural, and even political impact of their profiteering

Demonstrative Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Demonstrative Communication - Essay Example Nonverbal communication constitutes a significant portion of everyday communication. Despite the fact that thousands of languages exist across the world, people do not absolutely rely on words to convey their ideas to each other. Demonstrative communication can be referred to as the process of exchanging information between the sender and the receiver through nonverbal means. It happens outside the boundaries of verbal form of communication (Sonneborn, 2012). Demonstrative communication entails expression of feelings and messages in an organised manner. It is an effective way through which people understand and express their feelings or ideas to others. Demonstrative communication is made up of body physiology as well as nonverbal.Body communication involves space and appearance. Space can be crucial in delivering information. For example, while talking to someone and he tries to move closer to you or touch you, by retreating or taking a few steps backward is a show that you do not w ant the person to come closer to you or to have any body contact with him or her. Moving back will show the other party that he or she is occupying your space. Similarly, appearance plays a significant role in conveying information from the sender to the receiver. The mode of dressing, hairstyle, or even makeup application will send certain signals that convey particular information about an individual.The body language of individuals is perhaps the most understood form of demonstrative communication.